The endocrine system is a complex network of hormones and chemical messengers that travel throughout the body. It plays a key role in regulating many essential functions.
Hormones are responsible for:
- Growth
- Development
- Metabolism
- Sexual Function
- Mood Regulation
What are Hormones?
HHormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands. They are released into the bloodstream and carried to organs and tissues where they trigger specific biological responses.
Key endocrine glands include:
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid gland
- Adrenal glands
- Pancreas
- Ovaries
- Testes
What are Hormones made from?
Hormones are made from different types of molecules depending on their function.
Some hormones are made from amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Examples include:
Amino Acids
- Thyroid hormones
- Adrenaline
- Noradrenaline
Cholesterol
Other hormones are made from cholesterol (a type of fat). These include:
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Testosterone
which are produced in the ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands.
Fatty Acids
A third group is derived from fatty acids. These include:
- Prostaglandins
- leukotrienes
which are involved in inflammation and immune responses.
Types of Hormones
There are three main types of hormones in the body:
Steroid hormones
Steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal glands and reproductive organs. These include testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone.
They regulate:
- Sexual function
- Bone health
- Muscle development
Peptide hormones
Peptide hormones are produced mainly by the pituitary gland. These include insulin, growth hormone, glucagon, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
They play a key role in:
- Growth
- Metabolism
- Reproduction
Amine hormones
Amine hormones are produced by the thyroid and adrenal glands. These include adrenaline and noradrenaline.
They control the body’s “fight or flight” response.
How do they work?
Hormones work by binding to specific receptors on target cells. Once attached, they trigger chemical reactions inside the cell. These reactions create a biological response, which varies depending on the hormone and its function.Hormonal Imbalances
Hormonal imbalances can occur for many reasons. Common causes include stress, poor nutrition, and certain medical conditions.
Symptoms may include:
- Weight gain or loss
- Fatigue
- Mood swings
- Low libido
- Sleep problems
Maintaining hormone balance usually requires healthy lifestyle habits such as regular exercise, good nutrition, stress management, and adequate sleep.
How does ageing affect hormones?
Hormone levels naturally change with age. In many cases, hormone production gradually decreases over time, which can affect overall health.
Female ageing
In women, hormonal changes mainly occur during menopause. During this time, the ovaries reduce production of estrogen and progesterone. This can lead to symptoms such as:- Hot flushes
- Mood changes
- Irregular periods
Male ageing
In men, testosterone levels gradually decline with age. This is sometimes referred to as andropause. It may result in:- Reduced muscle mass
- Lower bone density
- Decreased libido
Testing and Treatment
If you suspect a hormonal imbalance, it is important to seek medical advice and consider hormone testing.
Hormone testing may include blood tests, urine tests, or saliva tests depending on clinical needs.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Lifestyle changes
- Medication
- Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Our Blood Tests:
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B12 Vitamin injections
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Complete Health MOT Blood Test
Comprehensive Complete Health MOT Blood Test assessing 43 key biomarkers with professional blood draw included and fast results within 24 hours.
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Female Hormone Blood Test
Comprehensive female hormone blood test measuring 10 key reproductive and thyroid biomarkers including with fast 24-hour results.
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Fertility Assessment Blood Test
Comprehensive 12 biomarker fertility blood test with professional phlebotomy included and fast results within 24 hours.
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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Blood Test
Monitor 3 key hormones with our HRT Blood Test measuring FSH, Oestradiol and progesterone to support menopause care. Fast results within 24 hours.
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