The endocrine system is a complex network of hormones and chemical messengers that travel through our body, and the system is the main regulator for many bodily functions. These hormones are fundamental for the growth, development, metabolism, sexual function, and mood regulation of our bodies, but, what are they, and how does the endocrine system work?
What are Hormones?
Hormones are produced by the endocrine glands, which secrete hormones into the bloodstream, the blood then carries these hormones to their respective organs and tissues that are riddled throughout the body. This network of glands contain the Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Glands, Pancreas, Ovaries, and Testes.
What are Hormones made from?
Each hormone is composed of a variety of molecules, depending on the type and function of the hormone itself, some are made from amino acids, which are an essential part of proteins. Examples of these types of hormones include the thyroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline.
Alternatively, some hormones are made of cholesterol, a type of fat molecule that include estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, which are produced by the ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands. Others are derived from fatty acids, like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, that aid in the processes of inflammation and immune responses.
Types of Hormones
Several hormones are produced by the endocrine gland system, the first being Steroid Hormones, that are created by the adrenal glands and reproductive organ, these are testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone. Sexual function is regulated by three hormones, along with bone growth, and muscle development.
Another would be Peptide Hormones, which are produced by the pituitary gland, and include insulin, growth hormone, glucagon, and the thyroid-stimulating hormone, primarily helping in regulating growth, metabolism, and reproduction in the body. Finally, Amine Hormones are made by the thyroid and adrenal glands, they include adrenaline and noradrenaline, that regulate the fight and flight response for our body.
How do they work?
Hormones bind to specific receptors on their targeted cells, once a hormone binds to a receptor, a series of chemical reactions are triggered within the cells, resulting in a physiological response, that differs depending on the type of hormone.Hormonal Imbalances
Hormones can become imbalanced for a variety of reasons, primarily as a response to stress, poor nutrition, and certain medical conditions, and it can cause a range of symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigues, mood swings, and sexual dysfunction. Overall, a good balance of hormones will aid in keeping good health, but, maintaining balance requires individual adjustments to a person’s way of life, which may include participating in more regular exercise, stress management, proper nutrition, and getting adequate sleep.
How does ageing affect hormones?
As our body changes due to age, the balance of hormones changes with it, as a result there is typically a decrease in the amount of hormones being produced, which could lead to health problems that appear in many older people.
Female ageing
For women, the main change related to hormones and aging is the menopause, during this period of time, the ovaries stop the production of two hormones, estrogen and progesterone, which leads to symptoms such as hot flashes, and mood changes.
Male ageing
With age, testosterone production will decrease in men, resulting in a decrease of muscle mass, less bone density, and a lower libido, this process is known as the andropause, or more increasingly, the male menopause.Testing and Treatment
If you suspect that you are currently suffering from the symptoms of hormonal imbalance, it is important that you get yourself tested and looked at by a healthcare provisional, with blood tests, you will be able to determine what the underlying cause is.
Hormonal blood testing include a variety of tests, but they can also include urine tests, and saliva tests. Depending the on main cause of hormonal imbalances, treatment will vary, and may include lifestyle changes, medication, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
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Female Hormone Blood Test checks for hormonal causes of irregular menstruation or fertility issues. Can track hormone levels & changes from medical treatment, diet, exercise. Tests for LH, FSH, Prolactin, Oestradiol. One Free online GP appointment included with this test upon request.
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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) blood test
HRT blood test measures biomarkers FSH, Oestradiol (17-Beta), Progesterone. This is for those already taking HRT.
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Menopause blood test
Menopause blood test measures biomarkers FSH, LH, Oestradiol (17-Beta), TSH, FT4 to indicate menopause.
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